The Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) blood test measures the main protein found in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), often called the “good” cholesterol. It plays a key role in transporting cholesterol away from arteries and back to the liver, where it can be broken down and removed from the body.

Because of this, ApoA1 is closely linked to heart health and metabolic function. Low levels may suggest a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, while healthy levels support the body’s ability to manage fats effectively.

This guide explains what it is, how it works, what your results mean, and how you can book a comprehensive blood test to check your Apolipoprotein A1.

What is Apolipoprotein A1?

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a protein that helps move cholesterol through the blood. It is the main protein in HDL cholesterol, often known as the “good” cholesterol. Think of ApoA1 as the driver of a recycling truck: it picks up excess cholesterol from the arteries and delivers it to the liver, where the body can process and remove it. Without enough ApoA1, this system doesn’t work as efficiently, and cholesterol can build up in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.

Doctors often look at ApoA1 levels as part of a bigger picture of heart and metabolic health. It gives more detail than a standard cholesterol test and can highlight risks earlier.

Quick facts about ApoA1:

• It is the main protein in HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol).
• Helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and keep arteries clear.
• Low levels may point to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Knowing your Apolipoprotein A1 levels can provide valuable insight into how well your body manages fats and protects your heart. It’s a simple test that adds depth to your overall health picture.

Why is Apolipoprotein A1 important?

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) plays a crucial role in transporting excess cholesterol from your arteries to the liver—helping to protect your heart and support healthy metabolism. Maintaining strong ApoA1 levels supports effective fat processing, reduces inflammation, and enhances your body’s resilience against chronic diseases.

Low ApoA1 is linked to increased risk of common health challenges such as heart attacks, strokes, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. By giving you a clearer view of your lipid metabolism and arterial health, the Apolipoprotein A1 blood test empowers you to take proactive steps in safeguarding your long-term wellness.

To put its importance into perspective:

• In Australia, cardiovascular disease accounted for about 42,700 deaths in 2021—equivalent to one in four deaths nationwide.
• Globally, approximately 19.8 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2022, representing roughly 32% of all deaths worldwide.

Monitoring your ApoA1 levels adds depth beyond routine cholesterol checks—it equips you with actionable insights for better heart health and metabolic longevity.

When should you get an Apolipoprotein A1 test?

You may consider an Apolipoprotein A1 blood test if any of the following apply:

• You have a family history of heart disease or stroke, especially at an early age.
• You experience symptoms of cardiovascular issues, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or unusual fatigue.
• You are living with chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or metabolic syndrome.
• Your doctor wants to monitor your cholesterol or lipid profile in more detail beyond standard tests.
• You are pregnant or planning pregnancy and your GP recommends a full metabolic and cardiovascular risk assessment.
• You have abnormal results in related biomarkers, such as HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or Apolipoprotein B.
• You receive a referral from your GP or specialist for more advanced lipid testing.

This test helps uncover risks early, offering valuable insights into your heart and metabolic health.

How does the Apolipoprotein A1 test work in Australia?

Preparation

• In most cases, you do not need to fast before an Apolipoprotein A1 test. However, if it's performed as part of an advanced lipid or metabolic panel (e.g. including glucose, LDL, triglycerides), your GP may advise fasting. Always follow your doctor’s guidance for best accuracy.

Medicare coverage vs. private costs

The Apolipoprotein A1 test is not currently eligible for Medicare rebates in Australia. This means whether you have a valid GP referral or not, Medicare does not subsidize this test.

• Private pathology providers typically charge between A$30 and A$47.
• Austin Pathology lists the out-of-pocket cost at A$30 for the Apo A1 and Apo B combo.
• Austech Labs sets a standalone price of A$46.80 for Apolipoprotein A1.
• SydPath’s non-Medicare fee is about A$44.00.

Access via comprehensive panels

• While you can order the Apolipoprotein A1 test directly, it's often included in comprehensive cardiovascular or advanced lipid panels offered by private services.
• For example, online service iScreen offers panels such as their “Advanced Lipid Check” (~A$295), including ApoA1, ApoB, and the Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, among other markers.
• Additionally, platforms like iMedical bundle ApoA1/B testing as part of cardiovascular health packs, providing convenient, GP-free access across Australia.

Adding an Apolipoprotein A1 test to your health check can give you a clearer picture of your cardiovascular risk than standard cholesterol testing alone, making it a valuable step in proactive heart health management.

What do my Apolipoprotein A1 test results mean?

Your Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) results show how well your body is transporting cholesterol away from your arteries. Levels are measured in grams per litre (g/L). A healthy range is usually 1.0–1.4 g/L, though exact ranges can vary slightly between labs.

Here’s a simple breakdown:

Your doctor will usually look at ApoA1 results alongside related biomarkers like HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and Apolipoprotein B to build a complete picture of your cardiovascular health.

Understanding your ApoA1 levels helps identify risks early and can guide steps to improve long-term heart and metabolic health.

Apolipoprotein A1 in context (other relevant tests)

An Apolipoprotein A1 test is most useful when viewed alongside other markers of heart and metabolic health. ApoA1 alone shows how well your body clears cholesterol, but combining it with other tests gives a fuller picture.

For example, doctors often measure Apolipoprotein B at the same time. While ApoA1 reflects “good” cholesterol transport, ApoB reflects the “bad” cholesterol particles that can build up in arteries. Looking at the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio helps assess overall cardiovascular risk more accurately than either test on its own.

It’s also important to consider ApoA1 results with traditional lipid markers like HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Together, these tests highlight how fats are processed and whether there may be hidden risks for heart disease or metabolic syndrome.

By interpreting ApoA1 in context, you and your doctor gain a more reliable view of cardiovascular health and can make informed choices about lifestyle or treatment.

Lifestyle and practical steps

Apolipoprotein A1 levels are closely tied to everyday habits, which means supportive lifestyle changes can make a meaningful difference.

1. Diet: Eating foods rich in healthy fats such as olive oil, nuts, seeds, and oily fish can support higher HDL cholesterol and boost ApoA1. Fibre from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains also helps maintain healthy lipid metabolism, while limiting processed foods, refined sugars, and trans fats reduces strain on the cardiovascular system.
2. Exercise: Regular aerobic activity like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling has been shown to raise ApoA1 and support overall cardiovascular function. Consistent movement throughout the week, even in shorter sessions, can be beneficial.
   
   
3. Sleep: Poor sleep disrupts metabolic balance and can lower HDL cholesterol, which may impact ApoA1 levels. Prioritising 7–9 hours of quality sleep each night supports healthy regulation.
4. Stress management: Chronic stress can negatively affect lipid balance. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, or yoga may help maintain ApoA1 within a healthier range.
5. Weight management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and activity can improve HDL cholesterol and support stronger ApoA1 levels.
6. Alcohol in moderation: Small amounts of alcohol, particularly red wine, have been linked with higher HDL in some studies, but excess intake can harm heart health and lower ApoA1.

The best starting point is testing. Once you know your levels, you can take personalised steps.

FAQs about the Apolipoprotein A1 blood test in Australia

What is the Apolipoprotein A1 blood test used for?

The Apolipoprotein A1 test measures the main protein in HDL cholesterol, helping assess how well your body clears cholesterol and your risk of heart disease.

How much does an Apolipoprotein A1 blood test cost in Australia?

The Apolipoprotein A1 test cost in Australia usually ranges from A$30 to A$47 when paid privately, depending on the pathology provider.

Is the Apolipoprotein A1 test covered by Medicare?

No, the Apolipoprotein A1 test is not currently eligible for a Medicare rebate, even if you have a GP referral.

Do I need a referral for an Apolipoprotein A1 test?

Yes, most pathology centres require a GP or specialist referral. Some private health services also offer it as part of cardiovascular check-up panels without referral.

Can pregnant women have an Apolipoprotein A1 test?

Yes, the test is safe during pregnancy. It may be requested as part of a broader cardiovascular or metabolic health check if recommended by a doctor.

What is the normal range for Apolipoprotein A1?

A typical reference range is 1.0–1.4 g/L, though this may vary slightly between laboratories.

What symptoms might lead to an Apolipoprotein A1 test?

Symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or unexplained fatigue may prompt testing, especially if combined with risk factors like family history or diabetes.

Conclusion

Apolipoprotein A1 is a key protein in HDL cholesterol, often called the “good” cholesterol, and plays a vital role in removing excess cholesterol from your arteries. By understanding your ApoA1 levels, you gain insight into how well your body is managing fats and protecting your cardiovascular system. Low levels may signal higher risks of heart disease, while healthy levels support long-term metabolic balance and overall wellbeing.

Getting tested provides more than just numbers—it gives you the knowledge to make informed lifestyle choices and work with your doctor on preventive steps. Knowing where you stand is empowering, helping you take control of your heart and metabolic health before problems arise.

Take control of your health today. Sign up for our comprehensive blood test and get clear insights into your Apolipoprotein A1 and more than 50 other key markers.

References

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)
• Heart Research Institute (HRI)
• World Health Organization (WHO) — Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) fact sheet (2025)‍
• Contois, J. H., McConnell, J. P., Sethi, A. A., Csako, G., Devaraj, S., & Hoefner, D. M. (2009).Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular disease risk: Position statement from the AACC Lipoproteins and Vascular Diseases Division. Clinical Chemistry