Pairing GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a smarter way to manage type 2 diabetes, weight issues, and metabolic health. GLP-1 medications help control blood sugar and promote weight loss, while CGMs provide real-time glucose data to guide daily decisions.

Together, they improve blood sugar control, encourage healthier habits, and support effective weight management.

Key takeaways:

• Better blood sugar control: Combining GLP-1 therapy with CGM reduces HbA1c by up to 2.43% and increases time spent in the target glucose range by several hours daily.
• Weight loss: GLP-1 RAs can help achieve weight reductions of 10–20% over a year. CGM feedback supports these results by reinforcing healthy choices.
• Improved safety: CGMs reduce hypoglycaemia risks by providing alerts, while GLP-1 RAs only lower blood sugar when it’s high.
• Behavioural changes: Real-time CGM data motivates better adherence to medication, diet, and exercise routines.

Challenges:

• Side effects: GLP-1 RAs may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, gallbladder issues, or rare psychiatric and eye-related complications.
• Costs: GLP-1 therapies can cost up to $2,000 annually without subsidies. CGM costs are now more affordable, with some sensors subsidised under the NDSS.
• Learning curve: Interpreting CGM data can feel overwhelming initially, and privacy concerns around data storage may arise.

This combination is not for everyone and requires careful planning with healthcare professionals to ensure safety, affordability, and effectiveness.

How GLP-1s improve outcomes when used with CGM

The combination of GLP-1 therapy and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a powerful approach to managing metabolic health. By addressing glycaemic control, weight management, and patient engagement, this pairing delivers meaningful improvements backed by clinical studies and real-world evidence.

Better glycaemic control: HbA1c and Time-in-Range

When used together, GLP-1 therapy and CGM show enhanced results in lowering HbA1c levels and improving time-in-range metrics. For instance, patients on combined therapy achieved an HbA1c reduction of 2.43%, compared to 2.06% for those using GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) alone. Among patients not requiring intensive insulin therapy, the reductions were even more pronounced, 2.47% with the combination versus 2.13% with GLP-1 RAs alone.

International studies reinforce these findings. In Japan, patients using CGM saw a 0.3% greater reduction in HbA1c over 24 weeks and spent an additional 2.4 hours per day within their target glucose range. Similarly, Canadian patients experienced a 0.3% larger HbA1c drop after 16 weeks, along with a 9.9% increase in time-in-range.

Case studies highlight these benefits further. One example involves a 50-year-old male with type 2 diabetes who initially spent 74% of his time above 180 mg/dL and only 26% in range. After starting tirzepatide therapy guided by CGM, his time-in-range exceeded 70%, with minimal hypoglycaemia (1%).

Another case, a 59-year-old female with an HbA1c of 10.1%, saw her HbA1c drop to 7.2%, her time-in-range rise to 85%, and her average glucose fall from 230 mg/dL to 134 mg/dL after just four months of combined therapy.

Behaviour change and adherence through real-time data

CGM plays a key role in driving behavioural changes by offering immediate feedback on glucose levels. This real-time data encourages patients to make informed decisions about their diet, physical activity, and overall lifestyle.

The continuous monitoring not only supports better adherence to treatment plans but also empowers individuals to adjust meal timing and composition based on their glucose trends.

Safety and medication dosing

The combined use of GLP-1 therapy and CGM enhances safety by reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia. Research shows that severe hypoglycaemic events decreased by 44% within a year of CGM initiation, while non-severe events dropped by 29% compared to patients without CGM.

CGM’s real-time data allows for early detection of potential hypoglycaemia, enabling timely interventions. This also helps clinicians fine-tune GLP-1 RA dosages to minimise side effects and optimise outcomes. Current clinical guidelines recommend that patients using both therapies carry fast-acting carbohydrates and rely on CGM data to guide insulin dosing, particularly when managing common GLP-1-related side effects like nausea or appetite changes.

Weight management and appetite control

Weight loss outcomes are another notable benefit of this combination. In Phase 3 trials, 50% of obese adults treated with higher-dose tirzepatide achieved weight reductions of 20% or more over 72 weeks. CGM further supports this process by providing immediate feedback on glycaemic control, which motivates patients to stay committed to their treatment plans.

This visual confirmation helps patients see the connection between their medication, dietary choices, and glucose levels. It’s particularly useful for managing appetite changes, as CGM enables individuals to monitor how different meals affect their glucose levels, allowing them to tailor their nutrition to complement the appetite-suppressing effects of their therapy.

Together, these benefits highlight the importance of personalised treatment plans in achieving better outcomes for metabolic health.

‍Wondering how Ozempic works and who it’s for? Read our complete guide to Ozempic in Australia.

Limitations and considerations

While GLP-1 therapies and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can improve metabolic outcomes, it's essential to understand their limitations to make informed treatment decisions. Both offer benefits but come with notable challenges.

Potential side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists

One of the most common side effects of GLP-1 therapy is gastrointestinal discomfort. These symptoms highlight the need to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment.

For example, research shows that 70% of people taking semaglutide experienced retained solid gastric content after an overnight fast, compared to just 10% in the control group. This delayed gastric emptying is particularly concerning before surgeries. To minimise risks, the American Society of Anesthesiologists recommends stopping short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists one day before surgery and long-acting ones at least a week prior.

Another issue involves gallbladder and biliary disorders. A meta-analysis found that GLP-1 therapy increases the likelihood of these problems by 37%. Patients with a history of gallbladder or biliary disease should be closely monitored during treatment.

More severe concerns include psychiatric side effects. A WHO VigiBase analysis linked semaglutide to an increased likelihood of suicidal ideation, with an odds ratio of 1.45. The FDA now advises monitoring for depressive symptoms or suicidal thoughts, recommending discontinuation of treatment if these occur.

Eye-related complications also require attention. A meta-analysis of 13 randomised controlled trials found a 23% higher risk of rapid worsening of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Cost of GLP-1 RAs and CGM in Australia

Financial barriers also play a significant role in treatment accessibility. Without a PBS subsidy, GLP-1 therapies can cost up to $2,000 annually, with some formulations reaching $150 per month. For those using these medications for weight management, monthly expenses can climb to $300.

Currently, the PBS subsidises Ozempic only for diabetes treatment, leaving a gap for the 32% of Australian adults living with obesity who might benefit from these therapies for weight loss. This financial strain forces many patients to choose between their physical health and financial stability.

On the other hand, CGM costs have become more manageable thanks to recent policy changes. From 1 March 2025, the Dexcom G7 is subsidised through the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS), allowing eligible individuals to pay just $11.60 per sensor. This makes continuous glucose monitoring more affordable for those with type 1 diabetes and some individuals under 21 requiring insulin.

However, eligibility remains limited, and many people using GLP-1 therapy for type 2 diabetes or weight management may not qualify for subsidised CGM, leading to additional out-of-pocket expenses that could influence their treatment choices.

Data overload and privacy concerns

Beyond side effects and costs, managing data from CGM devices can be another challenge. The constant stream of information may lead to anxiety or obsessive monitoring, especially for those prone to health-related worries.

Privacy concerns also come into play. CGM devices collect sensitive health data, often stored in cloud-based systems or shared with healthcare providers. Patients should be aware of how their data is stored, who can access it, and what safeguards are in place.

Additionally, the learning curve for interpreting CGM data can feel overwhelming at first. Without proper guidance, patients may struggle to understand glucose trends, the effects of meals and exercise, or normal fluctuations.

These challenges highlight the need for thorough patient education, ongoing support from healthcare providers, and careful consideration of individual circumstances when combining GLP-1 therapy with CGM.

Curious about how different weight-loss medications compare? Explore our guide to weight loss medication in Australia.

Practical tips for patients and clinicians

Making the most of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) alongside GLP-1 therapies requires thoughtful planning and collaboration between patients and healthcare providers. By aligning treatment strategies with individual needs, both parties can work together to achieve better metabolic outcomes. Here are some practical approaches to consider.

Choosing the right CGM protocol

The type and duration of CGM use should match a patient’s specific treatment goals and circumstances. For example, professional CGM is often beneficial during lifestyle adjustments or when starting new medications. This approach ensures the most relevant data is collected during critical periods of change.

For patients not on insulin, intermittent real-time CGM or professional CGM can be a good starting point. These methods provide valuable insights without requiring constant monitoring, making them especially useful for those new to GLP-1 therapy.

CGM use can also be adjusted based on individual needs, such as during medication changes, to provide the most effective monitoring support. Real-time feedback from CGM offers a significant advantage over waiting months for HbA1c results, allowing for more immediate and tailored care.

It’s important for healthcare providers to establish clear monitoring targets from the beginning. Recommended CGM goals for adults include:

• Active CGM use: More than 70% over a 10–14-day period
• Time in range (TIR): Over 70% (70–180 mg/dL)
• Time below range: Less than 4% (below 70 mg/dL)

These metrics help guide effective, real-time data interpretation, setting the foundation for better glucose management.

How to read and use CGM data

CGM systems provide more than just individual glucose readings - they reveal trends and patterns that can guide actionable health decisions. Real-time data helps detect and address issues like impending hypoglycaemia quickly.

Reports like the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) summarise key metrics, including TIR, time below range, and time above range, offering a comprehensive view of glucose patterns. This data can highlight areas for improvement and help patients understand why stable glucose levels are so important.

For instance, higher TIR is linked to a lower risk of complications such as diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular disease.

Patients can use CGM data to see how their glucose levels respond to medication changes, meal timing, and exercise. This often leads to better self-management habits. When starting GLP-1 therapy, for example, CGM can guide the transition by helping to identify problematic post-meal glucose spikes. In such cases, stopping sulfonylurea treatment, initiating a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and closely monitoring glucose levels is recommended.

Even meal timing can be fine-tuned using CGM insights. For patients on multiple daily insulin injections, adjusting the timing of prandial insulin doses may be necessary. If nausea or reduced appetite is an issue, injecting insulin after meals might be more effective, with CGM trends guiding these adjustments.

By interpreting CGM data with the help of healthcare professionals, patients can make informed changes that improve their day-to-day management.

Working with health professionals

Successfully combining GLP-1 therapy and CGM monitoring requires a strong partnership with healthcare providers. Clinics play a key role in training patients on how to use sensors and access data effectively. Proper training reduces technical challenges and boosts treatment outcomes.

Individualised goals should be based on patient characteristics and risk profiles rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. For instance, a 65-year-old with cardiovascular disease may have different glucose targets compared to a younger patient with newly diagnosed diabetes. Tailoring CGM protocols ensures they align with each patient’s unique needs.

CGM data can also inspire healthy behavioural changes. By reviewing this data regularly, healthcare providers can reinforce progress in TIR and reduced glucose variability, encouraging patients to maintain improved dietary habits and stay active.

The technology offers immediate feedback on how well a treatment plan is working, which can motivate patients to stick to their medication schedules. Seeing the impact of missed doses on glucose patterns often reinforces the importance of consistency.

Professional support is especially important during medication transitions. For example, one study found that 54% of participants who switched to a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist were able to stop insulin therapy. Careful monitoring during such transitions ensures safe and effective outcomes.

Regular data reviews build patient confidence and provide a clearer picture of glycaemic control. CGM systems not only deliver real-time glucose information but also allow retrospective analysis via cloud platforms. This helps patients identify patterns, understand how different foods and activities affect their glucose, and make informed decisions.

The collaborative approach doesn’t stop at glucose management. Dietitians can use CGM data to educate patients on how various foods impact glucose levels, while exercise physiologists can demonstrate the immediate benefits of physical activity. Together, this team-based approach supports a well-rounded strategy for managing diabetes.

‍Looking to understand how Mounjaro works and who it’s for? Check out our complete guide to Mounjaro in Australia.

Evidence summary

Recent research highlights that combining GLP-1 receptor agonists with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers better outcomes in glycaemic control and weight management than using GLP-1 therapy on its own.

Both clinical trials and real-world studies back this up. These studies consistently reveal significant improvements in key metrics like HbA1c levels, time-in-range (TIR), and weight trends when these therapies are used together. The table below outlines some of the most relevant research findings.

For example, the Wright study, involving 2,868 participants, found that adding CGM to GLP-1 therapy reduced HbA1c by an additional 0.37% compared to GLP-1 therapy alone

Similarly, the Frias study focused on insulin-naïve adults with a mean baseline HbA1c of 10.2%, demonstrating significant improvements in glucose management over 16 weeks. Meanwhile, the Chen study showed a 10.3 percentage point increase in TIR for the GLP-1 RA group (76.0%) compared to those using oral antidiabetic drugs (65.7%, p < 0.001).

Weight management results also highlight the advantages of this combination approach. The Impact GLP-1 CKD study reported an average weight loss of 3.4 kg for patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists, compared to a 2.6 kg weight gain in those using basal insulin.

Additionally, clinical trial data suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists can help patients achieve weight loss of 10% to 15% or more, a range linked to considerable health benefits. Among individuals with diabetes, the mean weight loss difference between GLP-1 RAs and placebo ranges from 4% to 6.2%, while those without diabetes see reductions between 6.1% and 17.4%.

A meta-analysis of 26 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) further supports the role of isCGM in improving glycaemic control compared to traditional monitoring methods.

This collective evidence underscores the article's main point: combining GLP-1 therapies with CGM leads to better metabolic outcomes.

How Vively helps you get the most from GLP-1 therapy

Pairing GLP-1 receptor agonists with continuous glucose monitoring is already powerful. Vively takes it further by transforming your glucose data into clear, actionable insights that make everyday choices simpler.

With Vively you can:

• Track your progress with the Wellness Score: Vively’s Metabolic Health Score (Wellness Score) gives you a daily snapshot of how your meals, movement, stress, and sleep affect your body, helping you see whether your GLP-1 therapy and lifestyle changes are truly working.
• Understand what drives results: Real-time CGM feedback reveals how different foods, workouts, or routines impact your glucose and overall metabolic health—so you know what supports weight loss and steady energy.
• Stay safer and more confident: CGM alerts plus your Wellness Score help you spot trends early, reduce the risk of glucose swings, and guide smarter medication adjustments with your healthcare team.
• Build sustainable habits: Vively turns complex health data into simple scores, comparisons, and tailored tips, making it easier to stick with the routines that enhance both GLP-1 therapy and long-term metabolic health.

By combining GLP-1 medications with Vively’s real-time insights and Wellness Score, you’re not just tracking numbers; you’re building a clearer, more personalised path to better health.

Conclusion: the benefits of GLP-1 with CGM

Pairing GLP-1 receptor agonists with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) brings a more effective approach to managing diabetes than relying on either therapy alone. Together, they provide a well-rounded solution that tackles multiple aspects of metabolic health at once.

The clinical benefits of this combination are clear. Patients experience greater reductions in HbA1c levels and improved time-in-range. On average, this approach offers up to 2.4 extra hours per day within the target glucose range, which can significantly enhance long-term health outcomes.

Real-time feedback from CGM complements the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists, helping patients achieve more consistent weight loss. For many Australians, this addresses one of the toughest challenges in diabetes management.

Additionally, CGM’s alerts help reduce the risk of hypoglycaemic episodes, boosting safety and giving both patients and healthcare providers greater confidence when intensifying treatment plans.

Beyond the numbers, this combination changes how patients engage with their diabetes care. CGM data provides immediate insights into how food, exercise, and medication impact glucose levels. This real-time learning fosters meaningful behavioural changes that can last well beyond the monitoring period.

However, this approach isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. The gastrointestinal side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists, coupled with the cost and complexity of CGM, mean it may not suit everyone. A personalised assessment is crucial to determine the best treatment plan for each individual.

While the evidence strongly supports the benefits of combining GLP-1 with CGM, effectively implementing these technologies requires professional guidance. Responses to treatment can vary, and achieving the best outcomes depends on careful monitoring, tailored dose adjustments, and ongoing education.

For those looking to optimise their metabolic health, understanding this combination’s potential is a valuable first step. To explore whether it’s right for you, consult your GP or an accredited practising dietitian.

FAQs

How do GLP-1 receptor agonists and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) work together to support diabetes management?

GLP-1 receptor agonists play a key role in managing blood sugar levels by encouraging insulin release, lowering glucagon production, and slowing digestion. These effects not only improve blood sugar control but also help regulate appetite, which can assist with weight management for people living with type 2 diabetes.

When combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the benefits of these medications are amplified. CGM delivers real-time data on glucose levels, allowing patients and healthcare providers to make smarter choices about medication, diet, and physical activity. This pairing can lead to reduced glucose fluctuations, better time-in-range metrics, and improved overall metabolic health.

By working together, GLP-1 receptor agonists and CGM create a tailored, data-informed strategy for managing type 2 diabetes, paving the way for better health outcomes and more lasting lifestyle adjustments.

What are the possible side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists, and how can they be managed?

When using GLP-1 receptor agonists, some people may experience side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort. These issues are usually more noticeable when starting the treatment or adjusting doses, but they tend to ease with time. On rare occasions, more serious problems can arise, such as gallbladder issues, pancreatitis, or kidney troubles linked to dehydration.

Here are some tips to help manage these side effects:

• Start with a low dose and gradually increase it as recommended by your doctor.
• Keep yourself hydrated, especially in warmer weather.
• Avoid increasing doses too quickly to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.

If you notice severe or ongoing symptoms, or signs of pancreatitis (like sharp abdominal pain), it’s crucial to seek medical attention immediately. Always talk to your doctor for tailored advice on handling any side effects.

Are there financial support options for GLP-1 therapies and CGM devices in Australia?

In Australia, there are various ways to access financial support for GLP-1 receptor agonists and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. One key resource is the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS), which offers subsidies for eligible individuals. This includes free or discounted CGM supplies. Excitingly, from March 2025, the Dexcom G7 CGM sensors will also fall under the NDSS subsidy program.

Additionally, programs like the insulin pump program or initiatives sponsored by manufacturers may provide further financial assistance, depending on your circumstances. For personalised guidance, it's best to speak with your healthcare provider or reach out to the NDSS directly.

How do GLP-1 receptor agonists and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) work together to support diabetes management?

GLP-1 receptor agonists play a key role in managing blood sugar levels by encouraging insulin release, lowering glucagon production, and slowing digestion. These effects not only improve blood sugar control but also help regulate appetite, which can assist with weight management for people living with type 2 diabetes.

When combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the benefits of these medications are amplified. CGM delivers real-time data on glucose levels, allowing patients and healthcare providers to make smarter choices about medication, diet, and physical activity. This pairing can lead to reduced glucose fluctuations, better time-in-range metrics, and improved overall metabolic health.

By working together, GLP-1 receptor agonists and CGM create a tailored, data-informed strategy for managing type 2 diabetes, paving the way for better health outcomes and more lasting lifestyle adjustments.

What are the possible side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists, and how can they be managed? Are there financial support options for GLP-1 therapies and CGM devices in Australia?

In Australia, there are various ways to access financial support for GLP-1 receptor agonists and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. One key resource is the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS), which offers subsidies for eligible individuals. This includes free or discounted CGM supplies. Excitingly, from March 2025, the Dexcom G7 CGM sensors will also fall under the NDSS subsidy program.

Additionally, programs like the insulin pump program or initiatives sponsored by manufacturers may provide further financial assistance, depending on your circumstances. For personalised guidance, it's best to speak with your healthcare provider or reach out to the NDSS directly.